Intellectual Property Rights Policy
نویسنده
چکیده
C hronic hunger persists in most African countries even as crop production reaches peak levels on other continents (Johns Hopkins 2000). In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 600 million people live on small farms measuring no more than a few hectares each. Low productivity due to biotic and abiotic factors is responsible for food insufficiency and malnutrition. The rapid increase in population (nearly 3 percent annually) causes even greater pressure on arable land and is bound to increase the frequency of starvation, for which Africa is so well known. In Asia, nearly half a century ago the Green Revolution, which used new crop technologies, made increased food production possible. However, Africa has remained sidelined. Today the fastest growing technologies for increased crop production are biotechnologies, whereby inherent crop bioproperties can be manipulated to counter or enhance resistances and tolerances to disease, drought, insect pests, salinity, or nitrogen deficiencies or to improve food value through fortification Bio 2002). The annual growth in genetically modified (GM) crops has been more than 10 percent per year since 1996, when GM crops were first planted (IRMA 2002). and the United States. It is noteworthy that of the six leading crops under GM cultivation, five are food crops, with soybeans and maize occupying the largest acreage. As the focus now turns to critically examining the role of biotechnology in food security for sub-Saharan Africa, key areas have to be analyzed in terms of the
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